A mock up of our proposed design: a toroidal balloon with a back support piece to anchor the balloon. The solid piece that the balloon wraps around allows air passage for speech even when the balloon is dilated.
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Subglottic Stenosis partially or completely obstructs the airway region directly beneath the vocal cords. This subglottic region corresponds to the cricoid cartilage within the lower part of the larynx and the top of the trachea. Obstruction arises from narrowing of the soft tissue and cartilage caused by a buildup of scar tissue. Although Subglottic Stenosis can be congenital, the vast majority of cases are acquired, 90% of which result from endotracheal intubation. Long-term pressure on the cricoid cartilage due to endotracheal intubation, typically more than 7-10 days, greatly enhances risk of the development of stenosis. Large tubes (diameter greater than 7-8 mm for men, 6-7 mm for women) or tube motion may also cause damage. In addition to endotracheal intubation, incorrect placement of a tracheostomy tube (placed in patients falling into Grades 3-4) often leads to stenosis. Current clinical solutions are unable to permanently prevent scar tissue recurrence. |